Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is a type of heart arrhythmia that affects the electrical signals of the heart. The condition causes an irregular heartbeat that can lead to a variety of health complications, including blood clots, stroke, and heart failure. Understanding AFib and its symptoms is important for anyone concerned about their heart health.
AFib occurs when the electrical signals in the atria, the upper chambers of the heart, become chaotic and disorganized. Instead of contracting in a coordinated manner, the atria quiver, which can cause blood to pool in the heart and form clots. If a clot travels to the brain, it can cause a stroke. AFib can also lead to heart failure over time, as the heart muscle becomes weakened from working too hard to pump blood.
Symptoms of AFib can include a racing or pounding heartbeat, fatigue, dizziness or lightheadedness, shortness of breath, and chest discomfort. Some people with AFib may not experience any symptoms at all, which can make diagnosis difficult.
Risk factors for AFib include age, high blood pressure, obesity, diabetes, and a history of heart disease. Other factors, such as alcohol consumption and thyroid problems, can also increase the risk of developing AFib.
Diagnosis of AFib is usually done with an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), which measures the electrical signals of the heart. Additional tests, such as a Holter monitor or event recorder, may be used to monitor the heart’s rhythm over a longer period of time.
Treatment for AFib depends on the severity of the condition and the presence of any underlying health issues. Medications, such as blood thinners or anti-arrhythmic drugs, may be prescribed to help control heart rate and prevent blood clots. In some cases, a procedure known as cardioversion may be used to restore a normal heart rhythm. Other treatments, such as catheter ablation or surgery, may be necessary for more severe cases.
Overall, AFib is a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention. If you are experiencing symptoms of AFib or are concerned about your heart health, talk to your healthcare provider about screening and treatment options.