Arrhythmia is a term used to describe an irregular heartbeat or abnormal heart rhythm. The heart’s electrical system controls the timing and pattern of its contractions, which is what creates a steady heartbeat. When there is a problem with the electrical impulses that control the heart, it can cause an arrhythmia.
There are several types of arrhythmias, and they can occur in anyone, regardless of age or gender. Some people may experience only occasional arrhythmias, while others may have a chronic condition that requires ongoing treatment.
Common types of arrhythmias include:
- Atrial fibrillation: This is the most common type of arrhythmia, and it occurs when the heart’s upper chambers (the atria) beat irregularly and out of sync with the lower chambers (the ventricles).
- Bradycardia: This is when the heart beats too slowly, typically less than 60 beats per minute.
- Tachycardia: This is when the heart beats too quickly, typically more than 100 beats per minute.
- Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs): This is when the heart’s ventricles contract too soon, causing an extra beat.
- Ventricular fibrillation: This is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the heart’s ventricles quiver instead of contracting properly.
Arrhythmias can be caused by a variety of factors, including:
- Coronary artery disease
- High blood pressure
- Heart valve disease
- Congenital heart defects
- Diabetes
- Sleep apnea
- Electrolyte imbalances
- Certain medications
- Stimulants like caffeine or tobacco
Symptoms of arrhythmia can vary depending on the type and severity of the condition. Some people may not experience any symptoms, while others may experience palpitations, dizziness, lightheadedness, shortness of breath, or chest pain.
Diagnosis of arrhythmia typically involves an electrocardiogram (ECG), which measures the electrical activity of the heart. A Holter monitor, which is a portable ECG device worn for a period of time, may also be used to diagnose arrhythmias that occur infrequently.
Treatment for arrhythmia depends on the type and severity of the condition. In some cases, lifestyle changes like quitting smoking, reducing caffeine and alcohol intake, and managing stress can help. Medications may also be prescribed to help regulate the heart’s rhythm. In more severe cases, procedures like cardioversion or ablation may be necessary to restore a normal heart rhythm.